IF CLAUSE

Type I
Form Type I.

if-clause + main clause
If / Unless / If .......not + future I
+ present tense + shall / will / can / may / might + verb
If I learn my vocabulary, I'll get a good mark
or the other way round:
main clause + if-clause
shall / will / can / may / might + verb + present tense simple present
I'll get a good mark. if I learn my vocabulary

Function open condition:
Probable action/result in the future according to a real condition
You'll catch the train if you leave before ten.
Curriculum Lehrplan:
• Type I and II in form 7 and 8
• if vs. when
Lehrbuch:
• previously done:
• future I
• present tense
Difficulties 1. form:
• if - plays, - main clause -future I
• if - unless
2. function
• open conditions
• What's condition - what's consequence?
3. interlingual interferences
• No future tense in if-clauses
• if vs. when
• unless
4. other difficulties
• position of the if-clause
Situations • operating instructions
• making appointments
• warnings or possible rewards
• suggestions
Type II
Form Type II:
if-clause
+ main clause
If / Unless / If .......not past tense, + conditional I:+ should / would / could / 'd / might + verb
If I learnt my vocabulary, I'd get a good mark.
or the other way round:
main clause + if-clause
I'd get a good mark if I learnt my vocabulary
If-clauses in front position are more emphatic.
If-clauses in front position get a comma.
Function Hypothetical statements
• Possible action/result according to a less probable condition in the future

We'd have enough money for a new car if you found a good job.
• Fantasized result or action according to an unreal (untrue) condition in the present

We'd buy a Rolls Royce if we were rich.
Curriculum Lehrplan:
• Type II in form 7 or 8
• if I were you,
Lehrbuch:
• previously done:
• past tense
• if-clause type I
Difficulties 1. form:
• if - played, - conditional I
• if - unless
2. function
• Possible action/result according to a less probable condition in the future
• Fantasized result or action according to an unreal (untrue) condition in the present: "virtual reality"
• no time indicated by past tense = today or tomorrow
3. interlingual interferences
• No conditional tense in if-clauses
• if vs. when
• unless
4. other difficulties
• 'were' instead of 'was' (rest of old conjunctive)
• position of the if-clause
Situations • dreams and nightmares
• mock examinations: testing a person
• exaggerated timidity (But if the bridge fell down....)
• reproaches
Type III
Form Type III:
if-clause
+ main clause
If / Unless / If .......not + past perfect, + conditional II
If I had + -ed or 3rd form, + should / would/ could / might + have + verb+ed or 3rd form
If I had learnt my vocabulary, I would have got a good mark.
or the other way round: .
main clause + if-clause
should / would/ could / might + have + verb -ed or 3rd form if I had + -ed or 3rd form
I would have got a good mark if I had learnt my vocabulary

Function If- clause: unreal condition: the condition can't be fulfilled any longer, because it should have happened in the past, but didn't.
main clause: the consequence can't take place any more, because the condition couldn't be fulfilled.
If I had learnt more (but I didn't learn=unreal condition), I would have got a better mark. (So I didn't get a better mark= impossible consequence)
or the other way round:
I would have got a better mark (So I didn't get a better mark= impossible consequence) if I had learnt more (but I didn't learn=unreal condition)
Curriculum Lehrplan:
form 9 + 10 (repetition)
Lehrbuch:
Type I and II in form 7 and 8
if vs. when
Difficulties 1. interlingual interferences
No conditional tense in if-clauses
if vs. when
unless
2. other difficulties
position of the if-clause
Situations • dreams and nightmares about the past
• castles in the air in the past
• reproaches
• self-blaming






























DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://www.kfmaas.de/gram_if.html